ABSTRACT. Hetcher writes that norms are best conceived as patterns of behaviour instantiated in a group, and distinguishes between three kinds of norms: sanction-driven, coordination, and epistemic norms. Raz maps the structure of agents' practical reason thinking of norms as one of the elements of an agent's practical reason that guides the agent's behaviour. May holds that individuals' pursuit of survival both justifies the sovereignty of a state as protector, and permits resistance to sovereignty when it fails or attacks the pursuit.