ABSTRACT. Hamilton says that recording has transformed the nature of music as an art by reconfiguring the opposition between the aesthetics of perfection and imperfection. Parker notes that there are many systems of improvisation/composition: each system has a medium through which it is introduced into the world. Borgo writes that in relating group improvisation to complexity theory the dynamic complexity that informs, and can be generated by, an individual improviser is immense. On Braxton’s reading, notation as practised in black improvised creativity is not viewed as a factor that only involves the duplication of a given piece of music.