ABSTRACT. This paper draws on a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research on how cloud and edge computing technologies, digital twin simulation and modeling tools, and neuromorphic computing and visual perceptive systems can redefine Internet of Things sensing and urban technological infrastructures across virtual urban environments. Urban sensing and 3D virtual simulation technologies, sustainable urban governance and intelligent sensor networks, and urban planning and geospatial data mining tools can consolidate big data-driven urban geopolitics in digital twin cities.

Keywords: immersive 3D urban computing; remote sensing;  virtual and augmented reality; environment awareness; spatial cognition algorithms; digital twin cities

How to cite: Nica, E., Privitera, D., Sabie, O.-M., Drăghicescu, A. E. (2026). “Immersive 3D Urban Computing and Remote Sensing Technologies, Virtual and Augmented Reality Tools, and Deep Learning-based Environment Awareness and Spatial Cognition Algorithms for Digital Twin Cities,” Geopolitics, History, and International Relations 18(1): 9–21. doi: 10.22381/GHIR18120261.

Received 27 January 2026 • Received in revised form 26 June 2026
Accepted 26 June 2026 • Available online 30 June 2026