ABSTRACT. In this research, previous findings were cumulated showing that geolocation data processing and spatial cognition algorithms, virtual twin and remote sensing technologies, and geospatial big data visualization and haptic object recognition systems can redefine intelligent sensor and digital twin networks in Internet of Things-based smart city environments. Urban planning and geospatial data mining tools, immersive visualization and remote sensing systems, and deep learning image segmentation and situational awareness algorithms can enhance urban big data analytics by use of Internet of Things connected sensors in virtual urban environments.

Keywords: digital twin; spatial awareness; remote sensing; immersive visualization; image processing; smart and environmentally sustainable cities

How to cite: Pârvu, I. A., Tilai, A., AlAkoum, A., Leordean, I. (2026). “Digital Twin Simulation and Spatial Awareness Tools, Remote Sensing and Immersive Visualization Systems, and Cognitive Data Fusion and Image Processing Technologies for Smart and Environmentally Sustainable Cities,” Geopolitics, History, and International Relations 18(1): 59–71. doi: 10.22381/GHIR18120265.

Received 18 January 2026 • Received in revised form 20 June 2026
Accepted 24 June 2026 • Available online 29 June 2026