ABSTRACT. McKillop et al. remark that credit unions, which embrace an income mix of members, may result in more sustainable credit unions in the longer term. Byrne et al. find that a significant number of people who borrow from money-lenders also borrow from mainstream sources of credit, and explain why new policy is needed which must not only focus on access to financial services but equally on financial education and regulation. Collard reviews the progress that has been made in promoting financial inclusion in three areas of financial services provision (banking, consumer credit and insurance) and the challenges that remain; transactional banking services are the bedrock of financial inclusion.