ABSTRACT. Green explains that electricity trade across European borders was limited by the low levels of interconnection. Andersen points out that conceptual interest in carbon-energy taxation emerged across Europe in recognition of serious environmental challenges. Enevoldsen et al. argue that the effect of an energy tax is exactly the same as the equivalent increase in energy prices. Andersen and Speck stress that more substantial tax rates would be required to induce further energy savings. (pp. 257–263)

JEL: A11, L17, L66

Keywords: competition, policy, energy, utility, tax, market