ABSTRACT. Addressing touchstone cases of the U.S. Supreme Court on substantive criminal law, Wattad proposes that the Court has consistently failed to provide a theory of substantive criminal law. Stein and Bierschbach challenge the conventional divide between substantive criminal law theory, on the one hand, and evidence law, on the other, by exposing an important and unrecognized function of evidence rules in criminal law. Gans maintains that the Commonwealth may or may not be about to tread the oft-trodden path leading to a non-entrenched statute setting out and (to an extent) promoting human rights. Bibas points out that criminal procedure is preoccupied with procedural values such as efficiency, accuracy, informed choice, and procedural fairness.