ABSTRACT. Sorensen believes that there are both singular propositions and general propositions: epistemicism provides the best explanatory framework for vague statements that express singular propositions. As Recanati puts it, REF forces the hearer to interpret the utterance as representing a singular state of affairs with the reference of the referential term as a constituent. Davidson claims that a direct reference view about the content of proper names and indexicals leads very naturally to the position that all singular propositions about physical objects are K-propositions. Pilatova writes that the semantic enterprise consists of two steps: a construction of a semantic theory, and a construction of a theory of meaning.