ABSTRACT. Holzner contends that most cities are influenced by those cultures which they serve and represent. Rice and Pooler observe that the complexity of the modern firm is one of the defining features of the global economy. Zheng et al. remark that since 1978, China has experienced rapid continuous urban transformation, and many mega-urban regions have stood out. Tannier and Pumain emphasize that the sinuosity of the urban border provides a way to improve the accessibility of the population to the amenities.