ABSTRACT. To find a more objective relationship between organizational culture and organizational effectiveness, Lee and Tseng adopt a multi-organizational culture and multi-organizational effectiveness variables to do a pairwise comparison. Willmott asserts that ideas of autonomy, individuality and/or self-determination are seized upon for the instrumental purpose of extending and deepening control over employees' hearts and minds. Katz and Kahn propose the concept of role as the major means for linking the individual and organizational levels of research and theory.